Botany

The palm is a perennial crop. The male and female sexes gently separated in palms seem to take too much time for fruiting will declining among peoples those interested decrease in palm cultivation. While the proportion of the relevant diagnostic technologies will be introduced at the seedling stage, gender of male and female Palmyra planting can find beneficial. Nucleic acid-based molecular diagnostics indicators on gender studies carried out in Tamil Nadu Agricultural University. The male and female palm were seen separately, but palm also have greater importance in terms of economics.

Root:

Palmyra is a monocotyledon palm. If the roots are too shallow to be sure there is no root, which lies far to the spread of food-gathering. By the root need to collect as much food incase of lack of water, heat places where palm roots according astounding.

• Root-like structure in the outer shell is solid black in color. The system saves the root from ground heat effect.

• Cotton mattress like part is the next from Black outer structure.

• Then storage, in the middle of trunk. There are tiny holes in it, like as lotus stems.

• Shallow roots spread far and wide to absorb ground water and it protect by shell like structure.

• Coconut growth stimulant stimulate the old roots in the ground, rather than paying a study carried out at a depth of 90 cm were able to identify the young roots quickly. Palms are below the age of ten years of growth regulators that require no more than 24 hours old palms to absorb for 5-6 hours and found that the suction stimuli.

Stem

A strong central upright stem is a special character. Single-branched stem base of the palm of a meter tall and has a diameter of 4 meters and a height of 40-50 cm in diameter at the top of the cylindrical form. 25-40 m grows to a height of 3 cm growing palm per year on average. Branches rarely. Annual flowering nature. The weight of a diamond structure will be between 6 inches to 9 inches.

The palm difference from other trees. In other trees are has diamond in the middle. This will be at the top of the palm. Thin in the middle jelly part, the firm has hard at outer steel appearance.

Palm bat

Palm will provide 12 maple bats. With a flap on the palm bat has leaf area of ??the palm. A shoot will appear each month.

Pannadai

String is net like appearance of 1 to 1 ½ inches long and made of thin coir ½ feet like gauze. Every ten, when the tree out of the comb, pattal flows between germination. As for certain cloth pannadi tree is in-between each young pattal.
When pattal palm-based, thin and white are the same. Pattal be affected by the heat haze in the palm of the outposts. Pattal hit by the heat so as to grow the cloth wrapped pannadai.

Sheath

Leaves holds on to the palm area of ??the flap (Sheath) that name. Desiccated sheath named 'kurankumattai’.

(A) Uriah bat - that leaves a long batting between the lobe of the cortex in the medulla Stork without separation, if it was not just the name of Uriah bat.
(B) Karukku - Serrated edges seen both ends of uriya bat (0.9 to 1.5 m in length) that named Karukku. It will be very dark. While growth in the seedling stage to mature quickly and are less so.

Palm Leaf

Young palm leaves of plants known as Vitaly palm leaves. The Palm has grown and spread to emerge and width starts to hang. This palm leaves the fingers of the hand, which is located at the tip of the bat. Do not cut the kuruttolaiyai of young Vitaly. in The color changing and scattered Palm leaf, called "Sarollai".

Well developed palms are have 30-40 leaves. 1-15m palm is the diameter of the top. Found grouped leaves. Dried leaves found around of mature palms. Finger like leaves have been found with 1-1.2m width. Leaves broadly, 1.0 to 1.5 m in length and 3 cm in width, each having been found in sections 60-80. Leaves contain downhill folding. Formed a thatched per month. Formed in thatched with palm up to three years. Since the onset of leaf expansion 31 (maturity) to 58 days (young stage) is required. Palm leaves take less for expansion at the time of palm ageing.

More time is needed to achieve rapid growth in the seedling stage. Following this initial phase of the undergraduate, graduate and mature stages of leaves grow longer needed. Development of leaves are compared to higher at mature stage.

During the height of 2 meters in the palm of one or two palm leaves may remove. Leaving aside the well-matured palm i.e. 50 per cent of the 16-22 removable leaves. Keeping the tip of the leaves will affect palms.

Palm leaves should not be removed in the summer season. During or before the start of rainy season or before taking toddy the old and dried palm leaves should be remove. To prevent any injuries during the purification of the palm stalks.

Inflorescence

To identify the gender of palm at time of flowering after which planted 12-15 years. From February to July flowering of palms will occur in Tamil Nadu. Inflorescences were found as spathe. 5-8 spathes emerge in a year. Inflorescences are smaller than leaves. The inflorescence were fibrous and branched. Male and female inflorescences separate palms are found in different forms. Male and female flowers are found distinguished in their length. Male and female inflorescences take 68 days and 11 days to complete the flowering stage respectively. The number of inflorescences may gradually increase while the ageing of palms. Next spathe will appear after 10 days and 11 days from first spathe emergence in male palms and  female palms respectively. From research clearly found that when spray 25 ml of Naphthalene acetic acid per liter will increase the number of inflorescences.

Male spadix

Male flowers 2 meters in length and 5-10 of each of the branches. Every branch wrapped envelope. Each branch is 2-3 flowers. Branches 30-40 cm long and 2.5-4.0 cm in thickness to be considered. The tip of the main branches of the inflorescence is equivalent to four and a half to two or three branches are rarely found in the floral branches much succulence. Flowers situated in opposite angles of flowers in the inflorescence. As a whole 200,000 to 2,50,000 flowers per inflorescence. Male flowers are small, sessile flowers. Three calyix flowers, three corrolas, six pollen found with wires. Pollen large and compact, elliptical divided by the elliptical patterns.

Female spadix

Female inflorescences are branch less, large than male spathe. Female inflorescence has 2-4 branches. In every inflorescence are found 30-75 female flowers. Female flowers are large and spherical shape with a six-folds. Ovary spherical patterns with 3-4 sections and 3-4 stigma, sessile. Increases the number of inflorescences found that increasing the number of female flowers.

Peele

Pubescence like structure appear on the skin at the time of emerging of first palm spadix. The Peele (Spathe Cover) renamed. The spathe protect the growing young spadix from insects attack and heat.

Chromosome

X = 8 or 9, n = 18, other four chromosome. Male and female separate palms sex ratio 1: 1. Male-female palms are obtained XY XX chromosome pair respectively.

Pollination

Male flowers start blooming in the morning at around from 7.00 -8.00AM as on rise 9.00-10.00AM and ends at noon at 1.00-2.00PM. After that flowers stops blooming. Rarely more than one flowers open at the same time. One hundred per cent of stigma acceptance occur after one day of flowering.

Last Update January 2016